A cross-talk between epithelium and endothelium mediates human alveolar–capillary injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is an acute and rapidly developing pandemic, which leads to a global health crisis. SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks human alveoli and causes severe lung infection and damage. To better understand the molecular basis of this disease, we sought to characterize the responses of alveolar epithelium and its adjacent microvascular endothelium to viral infection under a co-culture system. SARS-CoV-2 infection caused massive virus replication and dramatic organelles remodeling in alveolar epithelial cells, alone. While, viral infection affected endothelial cells in an indirect manner, which was mediated by infected alveolar epithelium. Proteomics analysis and TEM examinations showed viral infection caused global proteomic modulations and marked ultrastructural changes in both epithelial cells and endothelial cells under the co-culture system. In particular, viral infection elicited global protein changes and structural reorganizations across many sub-cellular compartments in epithelial cells. Among the affected organelles, mitochondrion seems to be a primary target organelle. Besides, according to EM and proteomic results, we identified Daurisoline, a potent autophagy inhibitor, could inhibit virus replication effectively in host cells. Collectively, our study revealed an unrecognized cross-talk between epithelium and endothelium, which contributed to alveolar–capillary injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection. These new findings will expand our understanding of COVID-19 and may also be helpful for targeted drug development.Subject terms: Mechanisms of disease, Viral infection     

Drosophila female germline stem cells undergo mitosis without nuclear breakdown

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山岳型乡村旅游地“三生”空间演变及优化——德庆金林水乡的案例实证

以德庆县金林水乡为例,采用参与式观察和空间统计法,选取2000、2008年和2018年3个时段分析旅游发展对山岳型乡村旅游地"三生"空间的影响,并探讨了金林水乡"三生"空间的发展瓶颈及优化路径。研究发现:(1)旅游开发前,金林水乡土地结构与用地功能单一且呈片状分布;村落呈现传统乡村风貌,基础设施不健全;空间形态变化稳定,扩张缓慢。(2)旅游开发后,土地利用类型多样化,出现新型复合用地;土地功能利用复杂化,以服务旅游业为主;村庄景观风貌现代化,生活空间更加宜居。(3)旅游开发前后对比可得,土地平面占地规模化,空间用地以居民点为核心,呈圈层状向外围扩张;生产-生活-生态空间相互转化,乡村聚落重构特征较为显著;村落景观风貌的变化较大,呈现城镇化趋势。(4)金林水乡"三生"空间演化与旅游发展存在的问题表现在生产用地效率不高,生活用地质量较低,生态空间不断萎缩,在旅游产业发展上表现为旅游产品单一且缺乏创新,旅游服务功能不完善等。为此从生活空间的提质、生产空间增效、生态空间保护、旅游产业创新以及土地利用五方面提出优化建议。     

Intensity of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content as related to leaf age inNicotiana Sanderae hort

U r?zně starých list? v listové r??ici 90 a? 110 denních rostlin Nicotiana sanderae hort. byly sledovány rozdály v intensitě ?isté fotosynthesy a v obsahu chlorofylu (a + b). Ke stanovení intensity fotosynthesy bylo pou?ito dvou odli?ných metod, a to váhového stanovení p?ír?stku su?iny podle Barto?e, KubÍna a ?et-lÍka (1960) a gazometrického stanovení infra?erveným analyzátorem CO₂. Nejvy??í intensitu fotosynthesy i nejvy??í obsah chlorofylu (vzhledem k plo?e listové) mají mladé, ale ji? dob?e rozvinuté listy, tj. t?etí a? ?tvrté od vrcholu (prvním listem se rozumí list o plo?e asi 20 cm²). Tyto listy nazýváme ?fotosyntheticky dospělými“. Listy nejmlad?í a zejména pak listy star?í mají intensitu fotosynthesy i obsah chlorofylu ni??í; u nejstar?ích list? je intensita fotosynthesy prakticky nulová. Intensita fotosynthesy i obsah chlorofylu se během vývoje mění: jejich momentální rozdíly u list? v genetické spirále jsou z?ejmě shodné s jejich změnami v ontogenesi listu. Pokles intensity fotosynthesy p?i stárnutí list? je rychlej?í ne? pokles obsahu chlorofylu. P?i ur?itém obsahu chlorofylu (tj. asi 2,25 a? 2,45 mg/dm²) klesá intensita ?isté fotosynthesy k nule. Intensita fotosynthesy je v lineárním vztahu k mno?ství chlorofylu (p?i p?epo?tu na plo?nou jednotku), a to nezávisle na poloze listu v genetické spirále. Obě pou?ité metody ke stanovení intensity fotosynthesy poskytly obdobné výsledky.     

Structure of Major Surface Determinants and DNA Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii

Pneumocystis carinii is a pathogen which, causes fatal pneumonia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). To facilitate the basic study of P. carinii , we have analyzed its major surface proteins by both immunochemical and biochemical methods. The major protein components of both cysts and trophozoites are a group of proteins called "P115" with apparent masses of 105–120 kd. It includes 6 isoelcclric variants. A monoclonal antibody raised against cysts recognizes all 6 variants and reacts with epitopes located in the cell wall indicating that P115 is an immunorcactive surface component. The isoelectric variants contain identical or closely related protein components and they are mannose-rich glycoproteins. The isoelectric variation may be due primarily to differences in glycosylation. The majority of sera from humans with diagnosed pneumocystosis that were tested reacted strongly with the P115 proteins. To develop probes for DNA diagnosis and to facilitate molecular studies, a genomic DNA library of P. carinii has been constructed. Some of these clones were used for DNA hybridization analysis of rat and human lungs.     

镉引起小麦苗逆境乙烯的产生及其和镉的吸收分布的关系

溶液培养小麦幼苗转移至含Cd~(2 )的营养液中,根系乙烯产生较快地增加,约在12h达高峰,然后下降;ACC含量亦呈先升后降的趋势。未和Cd~(2 )溶液直接接触的地上部乙烯亦增加,至36h达高峰,此后急剧下降,而ACG和 MAGC含量持续上升。地上部乙烯的增加,主要是由通过根系运往地上部的镉直接作用的结果,不是根部合成ACG运往地上部后再产生的。电镜观察表明,地上部乙烯产生和ACC含量变化的时间进程,可以与镉进入叶细胞内的部位及其对细胞膜和细胞器的影响相联系。     

固定化虫荧光素酶光纤传感器

固定化虫荧光素酶光纤传感器蔡谨,王顺光,杨歧生,吉鑫松（浙江大学化工系生化教研室,杭州３１００２７;中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,２０００３１）关键词虫荧光素酶,ＡＴＰ,固定化酶,光纤生物传感器ＡＴＰ是生物体内极为重要的能量物质。如何准确快速地定量Ａ...     

反相胶束体系中辣根过氧化物酶的活力和动力学性质

本文系统研究辣根过氧化物酶在ＣＴＡＢ／Ｈ２Ｏ／ＣＨＣ．３－ｉｓｏｏｃｔａｎｅ（１∶１,Ｖ／Ｖ）反相胶束体系中的催化行为。在一定条件下酶反符合Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ动力学。研究水含量、底物浓度、ＰＨ、温度、表面活性剂的浓度等对酶反应的影响,结果表明表面活性剂对酶表现非竞争性抑制作用,高浓度的过氧化氢抑制酶活,最适ＰＨ为７．０。在低水含量（Ｗ０＜５）的胶束体系中保温后,酶的活力发生不可逆的改     

中国摇蚊亚科记述Ⅳ．拟隐摇蚊属（双翅目：摇蚊科）

本文为中国摇蚊亚科系列报道之四,记述了采自海南省的拟隐摇蚊属一新种：宽尖拟隐摇蚊Ｄｅｍｉｃｒｙｐｔｏｃｈｉｒｏｎｏｍｕｓ（Ｉｒｍａｋｉａ）ｓｐａｔｕｌａｔｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及１中国新记录种：缺损拟隐摇蚊Ｄｅｍｉｃｒｙｐｔｏｃｈｉｒｏｎｏｍｕｓ（Ｉｒｍａｋｉａ）ｖａｌｅｒａｔｕｓ（Ｚｅｔｔｅｒｓｔｅｄｔ）．模式标本存南开大学生物系．     

大鼠杏仁核内注射八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK—8）拮抗吗啡镇痛的研究

大鼠双侧杏仁核内注射ＣＣＫ－８１ｎｇ（１μｌ）,能明显降低皮下注射４ｍｇ／ｋｇ吗啡产生的镇痛作用,并在０．１－１ｎｇ范围内呈量效关系。分别向双侧仁核注射ＣＣＫ－Ａ受体拮抗剂Ｄｅｖａｚｅｐｉｄｅ５０ｎｇ能部分翻转,２００ｎｇ则完全翻转ＣＣＫ－８的抗吗啡镇痛作用,１０ｎｇ无效;而ＣＣＫ－Ｂ受体拮抗剂Ｌ－３６５,２６０在５－８ｎｇ时即可完全番转ＣＣＫ－８的抗吗啡镇痛作用。杏仁核注射２００ｎｇ的Ｄｅｖａｚ